如何应对人工智能超越人类？

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How to worry wisely about artificial intelligence

如何明智地担心人工智能

Rapid progress in Al is arousing fear as well as excitement. How worried should you be?

人工智能的快速进展正在引起人们的恐惧和兴奋。你应该多担心？

"Should we automate away all the jobs, including the fulfilling ones? Should we develop non-human minds that might eventually outnumber, outsmart….. and replace us? Should we risk loss of control of our civilization?"Thesequestions were asked last month in an open letter from the Future of Life Institute, an NGO. In particular, new "large language models"(llms)— the sort that powers ChatGPT, a chatbot made by OpenAI, a startup-have surprised even their creators with their unexpected talents as they have been scaled up. Such "emergent"abilities include everything from solving logic puzzles and writing computer code to identifying films from plot summaries written in emoji.

"我们是否应该把所有的工作都自动化，包括有成就感的工作？我们是否应该开发非人类的大脑，它们最终可能会在数量上超过我们，智慧上超过我们……并取代我们？我们是否应该冒着失去对我们文明的控制的风险？"上个月，一个非政府组织"生命的未来研究所"在一封公开信中提出了这些问题。特别是，新的“大型语言模型”（1lms）-为初创公司Openai制造的聊天机器人Chatgpt提供动力的那种--随着规模的扩大，其出人意料的才能甚至令其创造者感到惊讶。这种"新兴的“能力包括从解决逻辑谜题和编写计算机代码到根据用表情符号写成的情节摘要识别电影等一切。

arouse v.引起 automate v.使自动化 fulfilling adj.有成就感的 emergent adj.新兴的 plot　n.情节 emoji　n.表情符

These models stand to transform humans' relationship with computers, knowledge and evenwith themselves. Proponents of AI argue for its potential to solve big problems by developing new drugs, designing new materials to help fight climate change, or untangling the complexities of fusion power. To others, the fact that AIs' capabilities are already outrunning their creators' understanding risks bringing to life the science-fiction disaster scenario of the machine that outsmarts its inventor, often with fatal consequences. This bubbling mixture of excitement and fear makes it hard to weigh the opportunities and risks. Butlessons can be learned from other industries, and from past technological shifts.

这些模型将改变人类与计算机、知识、甚至与自身的关系。支持人工智能的人认为，它有可能通过开发新药、设计新材料以帮助应对气候变化，或解开核聚变发电的复杂性来解决大问题。对其他人来说，人工智能的能力已经超过了其创造者的理解力，这一事实有可能使科幻中机器胜过其发明者的并常造成致命后果的灾难场景成为现实。这种兴奋和恐惧的涌动的混合体使我们很难权衡机会和风险。但可以从其他行业和过去的技术转变中吸取教训。

proponent n.倡导者 untangle v.理清 complexity n.错综复杂 fusion power n.核聚变能 scenario n.设想情况 weigh v.权衡

So far governments are taking three different approaches. At one end of the spectrum is Britain, which has proposed a "light-touch"approach with no new rules or regulatory bodies, but applies existing regulations to AI systems. America has taken a similar approach. The EU is taking a tougher line. Its proposed law categorizes different uses of AI by the degree of risk. Some uses of AI are banned altogether, such as subliminal advertising and remote biometrics. But others say an even sterner approach is needed. Governments should treat AI like medicines, with a dedicated regulator, strict testing and pre-approval before public release. China is doing some of this.

到目前为止，各国政府正在采取三种不同的方法。在光谱的一端是英国，它提出了一个“低干涉”方法，没有新的规则或监管机构，但将现有的法规应用于AI系统。美国也采取了类似的方法。欧盟则采取了更强硬的路线。其拟议的法律根据风险程度对人工智能的不同用途进行了分类。一些人工智能的使用被完全禁止，如隐性广告和远程生物识别。但其他一些说，需要采取更严厉的方法。政府应该像对待药品一样对待人工智能，有门的监管机构，在公开发布前进行严格的测试和预先批准。中国正在做这方面的工作。

approach n.方法 spectrum n.光谱 subliminal adj.潜意识的 biometrics n.生物识别 stern　 adj.严厉的 dedicated adj.专门的

What to do？The light-touch approach is unlikely to be enough.This powerful technology poses new risks，but also offers extraordinary opportunities.Balancing the two means treading carefully.A measured approach today can provide the foundations on which further rules can be added in future.But the time to start building those foundations is now.

该怎么做？低干涉的方法不太可能是足够的。这种强大的技术带来了新的风险，但也提供了非凡的机会。平衡这两者意味着要谨慎行事。今天有节制的方法可以提供基础，在此基础上可以在未来增加更多的规则。但现在是开始建立这些基础的时候了。

tread v.行走